The oil and gas sector
The oil and gas sector includes a range of companies that fall into four main groups:
Majors
Also known as international oil companies (IOCs) or integrated energy companies (IECs), these are the largest integrated companies with global activities spanning the oil and gas value chain, and an economic capacity to influence industry practices and policy.
National oil companies (NOCs)
Fully or majority-owned by national governments, NOCs account for well over half of global production and an even larger share of reserves.
Independents
Non-integrated companies focusing primarily on E&P or the downstream segment of the industry.
Services companies and contractors
Companies and contractors that provide services, equipment and technical expertise.
This Roadmap is focused on core oil and gas activities including exploration and production (E&P), storage, transport and distribution, refining and processing, and sales and marketing, as shown in the figure below.
While this Roadmap recognises the need for the sector to help drive investment into renewable energy and low-carbon solutions, the scaling of these solutions is not the report’s principle focus. This Roadmap does not cover chemical, electric utility or renewable energy activities, as these have been addressed in separate Roadmaps or Atlases. We encourage the sector to build on cross-sector synergies.
There are a variety of actions in this Roadmap, and the applicability to any particular company will be dependent on a several factors such as company size, business models, operating regions and public policies.
An overview of how the oil and gas sector interacts and contributes to all 17 SDGs was outlined in the report Mapping the oil and gas industry to the Sustainable Development Goals: An Atlas (the Atlas). The Atlas was developed in 2017 by Ipieca in partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Its aim was to facilitate dialogue and greater awareness of the ways in which oil and gas companies can work both independently and collaboratively with governments, communities, civil society and other partners, to help achieve the SDGs.
The SDGs are more important than ever before. This Roadmap builds on the foundations laid in the 2017 Atlas by developing tangible actions where both Ipieca and the sector can accelerate and scale SDG contribution.